June 10, 2026

Indicators of Global Climate Change 25

Indicators of Global Climate Change 2025 is the fourth in a series of annual updates on the state of the climate system and human influence.

The report, published in Earth System Science Data, is compiled by an international team of climate scientists and serves as an annual synthesis of key climate measures between the IPCC assessment reports.  According to the authors, they follow methods as closely as possible to those used in the IPCC AR6 Working Group 1 report.

The report provides estimates for key climate indicators related to forcing of the climate system:

• emissions of greenhouse gases and short-lived climate forcers
• greenhouse gas concentrations
• radiative forcing
• the Earth’s energy imbalance
• surface temperature changes
• warming attributed to human activities
• the remaining carbon budget
• estimates of global temperature extremes
• global land precipitation
• global mean sea level rise
• marine heatwave days

Journalists came to this online SMC briefing to hear from some of the report’s authors.